Facts and Statistics

Need to Know Facts and Statistics About Epilepsy

Epilepsy General

• Epilepsy is a disease of the brain that affects people of all ages
• A person who has epilepsy has a tendency to have spontaneous, recurrent seizures
• An estimated 65 million people worldwide have epilepsy and 80% of them live in developing countries
• Approximately 3% to 3.5% of Australians will experience epilepsy at some point in their lives
• Over 250,000 Australians are currently living with epilepsy.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

• In Australia, over 12,000 people a year are diagnosed with epilepsy
• Seizures can begin at any age, but epilepsy is most frequently diagnosed in early childhood, adolescence and people over 65 years of age
• At least 15% of people referred to an epilepsy specialist centre do not actually have epilepsy and have been previously misdiagnosed
• Epilepsy is diagnosed if someone has:
  • at least two unprovoked (or reflex) seizures
  • one unprovoked (or reflex) seizure and a probability of further seizures happening
  • diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome.
• Many people outgrow or have a long-term remission from seizures. Epilepsy is not necessarily a lifelong disorder.
• Epilepsy is considered ‘resolved’ in someone who:
  • has an age-dependent epilepsy syndrome and is older than the applicable age
  • is seizure-free for 10 years, with no seizure medication for the last 5 years.
• Epilepsy is linked with an increased risk of death, up to 2–3 times the general population, which may be related to:
  • an underlying brain disease, such as a tumour or infection
  • accidents or seizures in dangerous circumstances leading to drowning, burns or head injury
  • seizure emergencies – prolonged or repetitive seizures
  • sudden and unexplained causes – SUDEP
  • stopping breathing during a seizure
  • treatment related death
  • suicide

Types of Seizures

• It is commonly thought that epilepsy always involves convulsions. In fact there are around 40 different types of epilepsy and epilepsy syndromes and many of these are not convulsive.
• Seizures can vary from the briefest lapses of attention, confusion or unusual behaviours, to falls or convulsions.
• Seizures can also vary in frequency, some people may have less than 1 per year while others may have several a day
• Not all seizures are epilepsy.

Treatment

• With treatment, about 60–70% of people with epilepsy can be seizure free, yet about three quarters of people in developing countries do not get the treatment they need.
• After 2 to 5 years of successful treatment and being seizure-free, medications can be withdrawn in about 70% of children and 60% of adults without later relapse.
• A small percentage of people may be suitable for epilepsy surgery. Over half the number of people who have surgery become seizure free long term. Many others have fewer or less severe seizures after surgery.
• Other treatment options for people who cannot obtain seizure control with medications include Vagus Nerve Stimulation, the Ketogenic Diet and more recently, Deep Brain Stimulation.

Lifestyle

• Epilepsy can have a significant social and psychological impact and also affect employment opportunities
• People with epilepsy can face social stigma, discrimination and exclusion. A fundamental part of reducing this stigma is to raise public and professional awareness.
• People with epilepsy can obtain a driver’s licence if their seizures are controlled by medication or if they fulfill the guidelines set out by the driving authorities.
• Epilepsy is a condition of the brain, not a mental illness, but people with epilepsy are at higher risk of anxiety and depression.

 

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